CPAP Machines

Types of CPAP Masks

Before using CPAP, a doctor or sleep specialist will help select a mask. There are several different types of masks available.

• Nasal masks: A nasal mask covers the nose only.
• Nasal pillows: Instead of going over the nose, a nasal pillow mask sits under the nose and above the upper lip. The mask may have prongs that fit into each nostril to deliver the pressurized air from the CPAP machine.
• Oronasal mask: This type of mask goes over both the mouth and the nose. Often, an oronasal mask covers an area from the bridge of the nose to the bottom of the mouth. Some oronasal masks go over the mouth while using a nasal pillow to deliver air through the nose.
• Oral masks: An oral mask only covers the mouth. This type of mask is not commonly used but may be an option for certain people.
• Full face mask: This kind of mask goes over the majority of the face and is only used in rare situations.

A CPAP mask needs to fit properly against the face so that there are no air leaks. In addition, a mask needs to be comfortable enough that it can be used night after night. Different types of straps and cushions are available to help hold the mask in place and make it more comfortable to wear.

The best CPAP mask for any individual is the one that offers a combination of performance and comfort. Several factors can determine the optimal type and model of mask.

• Facial features: A mask needs to create a seal when held against the face, and finding the right fit can vary based on the size and shape of a person’s facial features. In addition, facial hair may affect the fit of the mask.
• Required pressure: The amount of air pressure can help determine the choice of mask. For example, nasal pillow masks may not be compatible with high air pressure levels.
• How someone breathes: Whether someone tends to breathe through their nose or mouth can influence the right type of mask for their CPAP.
• Individual preference: Comfort is subjective, so individual perceptions of how well a mask fits can play a role in choosing a mask.

It is normal for there to be a period of trial and error to find the mask that is the best match for each person’s situation.

Benefits of CPAP Machines

Regular use of a CPAP machine can often reduce or resolve symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, improving sleep and a patient’s quality of life.

Specific benefits that may come from consistent CPAP use include:

• Reduced snoring
• More consistent breathing during sleep
• Less daytime sleepiness
• Healthier blood pressure
• Improved focus and thinking
• Enhanced mood
• Better sleep for a bed partner
• Fewer morning headaches

In most cases, it takes several weeks to notice these benefits, but some people find that their sleep improves almost immediately after starting CPAP therapy.

Side Effects of CPAP Machines

CPAP therapy can provide important health benefits, but it can also cause side effects. For many people, getting accustomed to sleeping with a CPAP machine can be challenging. It often takes days or weeks to get used to using a CPAP machine through the night.

Some side effects that may arise when using CPAP therapy include:

• Discomfort from the mask or stream of pressurized air
• Nasal dryness, irritation, or nosebleeds
• Nasal congestion
• Claustrophobia or anxiety when wearing the CPAP mask
• Dry mouth
• Skin irritation, especially around the mouth and nose
• Chest muscle discomfort
• Eye irritation

In many cases, practical steps or adjustments of CPAP settings can resolve these side effects and make nightly CPAP use more comfortable. Anyone who experiences one or more of these issues should work closely with their health care team to receive specific suggestions for improving CPAP therapy.

Tips for Using a CPAP Machine

When getting started with CPAP therapy, several general tips may make the adjustment process smoother.

• Get informed: Seeking out quality information can resolve many common questions about using a CPAP machine. Health care providers can often provide resources like pamphlets or videos that cover practical information about using a CPAP device.
• Work with a doctor: Staying in touch with the health care team in the first weeks of using CPAP can help resolve common challenges. A doctor may offer suggestions for different masks or modifications to CPAP settings that can ease the transition to regular use.
• Be patient: The mask or airflow may feel uncomfortable or make it hard to sleep at first, and it is normal for it to take time to adjust to using a CPAP machine. Despite these difficulties, using the CPAP for the entire night can speed up the process of acclimating to the device.

In addition, other tips can help troubleshoot specific challenges to enable more consistent use of a CPAP device.

High CPAP Pressure

For some people, the constant flow of pressurized air can be uncomfortable. Several approaches can help manage a feeling of excess air pressure.

• Ramp function: CPAP devices may offer a ramp feature that starts the night with a lower pressure level that builds up over time. This allows a person to fall asleep while the air pressure is lower and less bothersome.
• Pressure relief setting: Some CPAP devices include a pressure relief setting that slightly decreases the air pressure when a person exhales.
• Changing devices: If the steady air pressure of a CPAP is not tolerable, a doctor may consider switching to a type of PAP device that has more variability in the pressure levels.

Having the right pressure level is important to properly treating obstructive sleep apnea, so it is important to work with a doctor before making any changes to a CPAP device’s pressure settings.

Uncomfortable CPAP Mask

It can be hard to find a CPAP mask that can be worn comfortably throughout the night. For people struggling with their mask, it can be helpful to work with their health care team to consider other mask options.

Masks come in many different styles and shapes. The placement of the straps and type of padding can affect how it feels. With so many options available, many people will need to try out a number of masks before finding the one that works best for them.

Waking Up With a Dry Nose

When pressurized air is delivered through the nose, it can cause the inside of the nostrils to dry out, especially for people who live in arid climates or have their home heating system turned on.

In most cases, using a CPAP machine’s heated humidifier can decrease nasal dryness. Some devices allow for the degree of heated humidification to be adjusted through settings on the CPAP device itself.

Waking Up With a Stuffy Nose

Nasal CPAP masks may contribute to nasal congestion. Prescription medications may help with this congestion, and for some people, the problem may be resolved by switching to a mask that covers both the mouth and nose.

Claustrophobia While Wearing a CPAP Mask

A few different solutions may help if wearing the CPAP mask creates feelings of claustrophobia.

• Mask desensitization: This approach involves putting on the mask during waking hours while doing something relaxing. The amount of time wearing the mask should be minimal at first and then gradually increase as a person gets acclimated, eventually using the CPAP mask through the night.
• Switching masks: The feeling of claustrophobia may be reduced by changing to a smaller mask or one that has a different profile on the face.
• Relaxation exercises: Learning and practicing relaxation techniques may decrease the anxiety that can come from putting on the mask. Exercises to calm down before bed may also contribute to better sleep hygiene.

Waking Up With Dry Mouth

Mouth breathing can lead to dry mouth in people who use nasal CPAPs, and this problem may be addressed by using a chin strap that keeps the mouth closed during sleep. People using an oronasal mask can try using the heated humidifier on their CPAP machine to reduce dry mouth.

CPAP Air Leaks

Air leaks occur when the pressurized air from the CPAP does not reach the airway at the back of the throat. This may occur if the mask does not create a tight seal on the face or if a person breathes through their mouth while using a nasal CPAP.

When air leaks occur, they can be addressed by changing the type or shape of the mask. People using a nasal mask can try using a mask with a chin strap that prevents the mouth from opening during the night.

Facial Hair Interfering With CPAP Mask

Tips for people whose facial hair is affecting the fit of a CPAP mask include:

• Switching to a mask with a different shape
• Using a different kind of mask, such as a nasal pillow mask
• Trimming or shaving facial hair

CPAP Mask Irritating Skin

If a mask or its straps are pressing too firmly against the face, it may cause skin irritation. Practical steps to reduce skin problems from a CPAP mask include:

• Cleaning the mask regularly
• Adjusting straps to avoid having the mask too tight or too loose
• Switching to a different type or size of mask
• Trying one or more types of padding or cushions to reduce pressure on the skin

CPAP Noise

Although modern CPAP devices have become quieter, the noise may be bothersome to some people or their bed partner. Keeping the machine under the bed or wearing earplugs can often decrease noise disruptions.

If noise continues to be a problem, a doctor can help address whether there is a problem with the CPAP machine or whether another model of CPAP can offer quieter performance.

CPAP Cleaning and Maintenance

CPAP devices usually come with specific instructions for cleaning and maintenance, and it is important to follow these directions and any guidance given by the doctor.

Some parts of the CPAP, such as the mask, may need to be cleaned daily, while other parts may need a thorough cleaning and disinfecting on a weekly basis.

In addition, it is important to watch for wear and tear of CPAP components and to replace them when necessary. Masks, straps, and hoses should be replaced periodically based on the manufacturer’s instructions. These items should also be discarded if the material becomes noticeably dirty or damaged.

Comparing CPAP, APAP, and BiPAP

There are several kinds of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Important differences between them relate to how these devices deliver pressurized air to keep the airway open.

• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): A CPAP machine uses a consistent level of air pressure that is the same for inhaling and exhaling.
• Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP or BPAP): A BiPAP machine has two pressure levels, one for when a person inhales and another for when they exhale.
• Auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP): Sometimes called an adjustable PAP, or auto-CPAP, these devices can automatically modify pressure levels in response to a person’s breathing. In most cases, that pressure level is the same for both inhalation and exhalation.

For most people with obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP is recommended as the initial treatment. However, if CPAP is not effective or if someone has certain lung diseases or other coexisting health conditions, a different type of PAP device may be prescribed.

A doctor or sleep specialist can discuss the pros and cons of CPAP, BiPAP, and APAP for any specific person.

Talking to Your Doctor About CPAP Therapy

CPAP therapy must be prescribed by a doctor. A doctor or sleep specialist may help select a device, determine the right pressure level, suggest certain settings, and recommend a type of mask. During this process, patients can communicate any preferences they have about specific components of their CPAP setup, including the mask.

When beginning CPAP therapy, it is critical to stay in regular contact with the doctor about any problems or challenges that arise. In many cases, the doctor can suggest strategies to manage or overcome difficulties so that the device can be used every night to treat sleep apnea.

Over time, patients should continue to check in with the doctor about how their CPAP treatment is going and raise any new issues that may have developed. The doctor may use data collected by the CPAP machine to make sure that the mask and device are functioning properly and to see how well the treatment is working.

Frequently Asked Questions About CPAP Therapy

What Does CPAP Stand For?

CPAP stands for continuous positive airway pressure. While there are multiple types of positive airway pressure (PAP) devices, the term “continuous” reflects that a CPAP uses a consistent level of air pressure for both inhaling and exhaling.

What Does a CPAP Machine Do?

A CPAP machine generates a constant stream of pressurized air that is pumped into the nose and/or mouth to prevent blockages of the airway at the back of the throat. It is most often used to treat obstructive sleep apnea, a disorder of disrupted breathing during sleep.

How Do I Purchase a CPAP Machine?

CPAP devices are only available by prescription. People who think they may have obstructive sleep apnea or another breathing condition that could be helped by CPAP therapy should speak with a doctor or sleep specialist.

If a CPAP machine is prescribed, the doctor will determine the appropriate level of pressure and may help identify a provider who can supply the CPAP device, mask, and other accessories.

How Much Do CPAP Machines Cost?

The cost of a CPAP machine depends on the brand and model that is prescribed as well as a person’s insurance coverage.

Health insurance may cover some or all of the costs of CPAP therapy for people who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. However, coverage and out-of-pocket costs can vary significantly based on the details of the insurance plan, including whether there is a deductible.

Without insurance, a CPAP device may cost several hundred to over a thousand dollars, along with recurring costs from replacement components like masks and tubing.

Is CPAP Therapy Alone Used to Treat Sleep Apnea?

While CPAP therapy is often a primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, it may be combined with other approaches. For example, CPAP therapy may be started at the same time as behavioral therapy, which is designed to promote good sleep habits and increase consistent use of the CPAP device.

In addition, a doctor may suggest lifestyle changes that can reduce the impact of sleep apnea and work in tandem with CPAP therapy. These changes may include avoiding alcohol and cigarettes, losing weight, getting regular exercise, and trying not to sleep while lying on the back.

Do I Have to Use the CPAP the Whole Night?

Experts typically suggest using CPAP for at least four hours per night on at least five nights per week, but longer and more frequent CPAP use may be recommended based on a person’s specific situation.

Studies have found that using CPAP for a minimum of four hours per night can reduce daytime sleepiness and generate other health benefits. These benefits can be increased by using the CPAP device for more time during the night.

People with obstructive sleep apnea whose jobs require daytime alertness, such as commercial truck drivers, may be advised to use CPAP for at least six hours per night.

Do I Have to Use a CPAP During Afternoon Naps?

It is best to use CPAP during any period of sleep, so people with sleep apnea are encouraged to use their CPAP machine during afternoon naps.

What Happens if I Stop Using a CPAP Machine?

Breathing disruptions from obstructive sleep apnea can return in as little as one day after stopping CPAP use. Problems like daytime sleepiness and elevated blood pressure can develop within two weeks after CPAP use is stopped or significantly reduced.

For these reasons, it is important for anyone who is having problems sticking with CPAP therapy to work proactively with their doctor to address those challenges and make it easier to consistently use their CPAP device.

Is it Safe to Use CPAP When You Have COVID-19?

Anyone who uses a CPAP and has symptoms of COVID-19 should contact their doctor for tailored medical advice.

Given the importance of CPAP for treating sleep apnea, it is best to consult with a doctor before stopping CPAP therapy. In addition, using CPAP can improve breathing and sleep quality, which may support stronger immune function.

To date, there is little evidence that using a CPAP machine spreads viral particles more than normal breathing. Nevertheless, people with COVID-19 may consider sleeping in a separate bedroom to reduce potential viral exposure to their bed partner.

Are There Other Uses of CPAP Therapy?

Beyond sleep apnea, CPAP therapy can be used to treat other disorders that can affect breathing, such as heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

CPAP is a form of non-invasive breathing support that may benefit people with respiratory failure. CPAP may also be a treatment option for people who are in the hospital with breathing problems caused by COVID-19.

Are There Alternatives to CPAP for Sleep Apnea?

CPAP therapy is a common initial treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but it is just one of several treatment options. Depending on a person’s situation, treatments options other than CPAP may include:

• Other types of PAP therapy
• Mouthpieces and oral appliances that change the positioning of the tongue or jaw
• Surgery to remove tissue around the upper airway
• Surgery to implant a device that stimulates nerves that help control the opening of the airway

These alternatives to CPAP therapy are not viable for all people with obstructive sleep apnea, and questions about the most appropriate treatment for sleep apnea should always be discussed with a doctor.

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